| ش | ی | د | س | چ | پ | ج |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
| 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﻧﻘﺮه ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﭼﺎپ ﺟﻮﻫﺮاﻓﺸﺎن و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ رﺳﺎﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎی اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه
ﺟﻮاد ﻧﻮری ، زﻫﺮا اﺑﺪی، وﺣﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﻘﻲ ﻃﻠﺐ ، ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﺼﻮر ﺑﻴﺪﻛﻲ
ﭼﻜﻴﺪه
ﻧﺎﻧﻮذرات ﻧﻘﺮه اﺧﻴﺮاً ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎ و ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺧﺎص ﺧﻮد ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. از اﻳﻦ رو ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺰ ء اﺻﻠﻲ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻫﺎ و ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻫﺎی ﻫﺎدی در زﻣﻴﻨﻪی ﭼﺎپ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮص ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﭼﺎپ ﺟﻮﻫﺮاﻓﺸﺎن ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ وﺟﻮد در اﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮه، ﻧﺤﻮهی اﻧﺠﺎم ﭼﺎپ ﻃﺮح-ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ وﻳﮋهی ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ وﻳﺴﻜﻮزﻳﺘﻪی ﻛﻢ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ . در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، از روش ﭼﺎپ ﺟﻮﻫﺮاﻓﺸﺎن ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎی ﻫﺎدی ﻓﻠﺰی ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ روش، ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﻫﺎی آﺑﻲ ﻧﻤﻚ ﻓﻠﺰی(ﻧﻴﺘﺮات ﻧﻘﺮه) و ﻣﺎدهی ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه(آﺳﻜﻮرﺑﻴﻚ اﺳﻴﺪ) ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻴﺎً ﺑﺮ روی ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻮﻫﺮاﻓﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ آﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﺗﻴﻮنﻫﺎی ﻓﻠﺰی ﺑﻪ ذرات ﺑﺴﻴﺎر رﻳﺰ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد ﺑﺎ . ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮی اﻳﻦ روش ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻳﻚ ﭼﺎﭘﮕﺮ ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﺟﻮﻫﺮاﻓﺸﺎن اداری؛ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎی ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻧﻘﺮه ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ روی ﺑﺴﺘﺮ اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻻﻳﻪی اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪی ﻧﻘﺮه دارای ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ از 5/0 Ω در واﺣﺪ
5 ﺳﻄﺢ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ از 10 s/m
×1/5 ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻃﺮحﻫﺎی ﻫﺎدی و اﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ روی آن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻨﺎوری ﭼﺎپ ﺟﻮﻫﺮاﻓﺸﺎن از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﻫﺎی ﻧﻤﻚ ﻓﻠﺰی و ﻣﺎدهی ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪه ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﻃﺮحﻫﺎی ﻫﺎدی ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ .
واژهﻫﺎی ﻛﻠﻴﺪی : ﭼﺎپ ﺟﻮﻫﺮاﻓﺸﺎن، اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﻓﻠﺰ ﻧﻘﺮه، ﭼﺎپ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ
Camel Fat Microcapsules - Preparation and Characterization
E. Fallahi, M. Barmar, M. Haghighat Kish
Abstract
Camel fat was used as a natural phase change material to prepare microcapsules. Microcapsules were prepared in several consecutive steps. The first step was the preparation of oil in water emulsion using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as emulsifier and PVA as stabilizer by a homogenizer at 6000 rpm at 80°C. The second step was covering the camel fat particles by melamine pre-polymer. The third step was melamine-formaldehyde polymer formation. The camel fat microcapsules were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The microcapsule then was applied to the fabrics in a mixture with binders. The fabric samples were wrapped around the probe of the temperature measuring device and the probe was placed in the oven at 50°C. The microcapsules were found to be spherical in shape with diameters greater than 5 micrometers. One simple method for examining the microcapsules was developed. Crashing the powder on a paper placed over a heater and observing the ejection of the melted camel fat ascertains the oil contents of the microcapsules. The application of microcapsules to the fabrics was found to be effective to delay the rise of the temperature. Keywords: microcapsule, camel fat, melamine-formaldehyde
اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮی ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮذ آب در ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮ آﻟﻴﻔﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﭘﻠﻲاﺗﺮﻳﻮرﺗﺎن(Tecoflex) در درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارتﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ
ﺷﺮاره ﺣﺎﺟﻲآﻗﺎ ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﻲ، ﺳﻴﺎﻣﻚ ﺳﺤﺮﺧﻴﺰ
ﭼﻜﻴﺪه
در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺑﺨﺎرآب در ﻓﻴﻠﻢ Tecoflex EG 72D در دﻣﺎﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻓﻨﺠﺎن ﺗﺮ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ASTM
E96 و ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ی ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اول ﻓﻴﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﭘﻠﻲﻳﻮرﺗﺎن ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪدار اﺳﺖ . ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎی ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ دار ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻲ از ﻣﻮاد ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ دارﻧﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎد آورﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً از ﻧﻮع ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎی ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و از دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺮم و ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻓﺎزی ﺟﺪاﺷﺪه از ﻫﻢ، در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎری ﺗﺮﻣﻮدﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ- ﻫﺎی ﺳﺨﺖ و ﻧﺮم، دارﻧﺪ . ﻛﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎی دﺳﺘﻪای ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ رﺳﻢ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺨﺎر آب ﻋﺒﻮر ﻛﺮده از ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ زﻣﺎن در دﻣﺎﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﺑﻮده و از ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اول ﻓﻴﻚ ﭘﻴﺮوی ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﻧﻔﻮذ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه از ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ از درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻳﺪی در ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮذ رخ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ. رﻓﺘﺎر ﺣﺮارﺗﻲ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻳﻤﺘﺮی ﭘﻮﻳﺸﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻲ DSC ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن
s داد ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺑﺨﺎر آب در TFX در ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ دﻣﺎی اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ( T
)، ﻛﻢ و در ﺑﺎﻻی اﻳﻦ دﻣﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮی اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ .
2 اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ در ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮذ از s cm ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ،ﺷﻮد ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ وﻗﺘﻲ دﻣﺎ از T
/s -4
cm ﺑﻪ 0/52 × 10 2
/s -4
2/8 × 10
ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ دﻣﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع از ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎ، ﻣﻲﺗﻮان از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮای ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺟﺎت ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده
.ﻛﺮد
واژهﻫﺎی ﻛﻠﻴﺪی: ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻧﻔﻮذ، ﺗﺮاواﻳﻲ ﺑﺨﺎرآب، ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪدار، ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺟﺎت ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ
ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﺎرﭼﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺎری-ﭘﻮدی در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻣﻮاج اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ
اﺳﻔﻨﺪﻳﺎر اﺧﺘﻴﺎری ، ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ، ﺷﺒﻨﻢ آﻗﺎﻳﻲ
ﭼﻜﻴﺪه
اﻣﻮاج اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﻟﺮژیزاﻫﺎ در ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ دﻓﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺪن اﺧﺘﻼل اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ و ﺳﺒﺐ ﻓﺮاﺧﻮاﻧﺪن ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎی آﻟﺮژﻳﻚ و اﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﻲ در ﺑﺪن ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎدی ﺑﺮ روی ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی ﻋﺼﺒﻲ، ﺑﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ و ﺷﻨﻮاﻳﻲ اﻧﺴﺎن دارد و ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت ﺑﺪن ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮوز ﺑﻴﻤﺎری ﻋﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ. ﻳﻜﻲ از روش ﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮی از اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻳﻦ اﻣﻮاج ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪن اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ را دارﻧﺪ .
در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﭘﺎرﭼﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﺎری-ﭘﻮدی ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر وﻳﮋه (ﻓﻠﺰی) ﺑﺮ روی اﻣﻮاج اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﻮع ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﺮ روی اﻣﻮاج ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ .ﺷﻮدﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ و وﺟﻮد ﻓﻠﺰ اﺛﺮ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ ای اﺳﺖ ﺗﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ
/ 2 را دارد ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺰ آﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮم ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎرﭼﻪای اﺳﺖ ﺳﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻣﺲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ در ﺣﺪود 37 dB در ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ 7MHZ
.
واژهﻫﺎی ﻛﻠﻴﺪی: اﻣﻮاج اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ، ﭘﺎرﭼﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ، ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ
ادامه مطلب ...
Effect of low modulus fibers on mechanical properties of mortars
B.Nasiri, A.Sadrmomtazi, R.Bakhoda, A.K.Haghi
Abstract
Cement-based materials, such as mortars and concretes are brittle in nature, with low bending strength and toughness. Therefore, the use of these materials in practice involves their combination with reinforcement, either as steel rods or with textiles. In this paper, nylon and polypropylene fibers were used in the form of short fiber and straight yarns in the various reinforcing ratio as reinforcement for the study on the efficiency of low modulus fibers on mechanical properties of mortars. The test results show that, reinforcement by textiles in the both form of short fiber and straight yarns improves the compressive and flexural performances of the cement mortars. The polypropylene fiber with higher length provides better performance in flexural strength increase. In comparison with straight yarns the contribution of chopped strands in strength of mortar was low. The values of flexural strength decreased with increasing the number of layer. Keywords: Cement mortars; Textile; Compressive strength; Flexural strength
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